2021 O Level POA Answers 7087
Paper 1 :
ai) 1 July 2019- The business obtained a bank loan of $40,000.
(ii)30 June 2020- The business repaid $8000 of the bank loan by cheque
(b)(i) 1 January 2020- The business reversed the adjustment made for $1200 owed in the previous financial year
(ii)30 june 2020- The business paid interest expense of $2400 by cheque
(c) Statement of financial performance (extract) for the year ended 31 December 2020
| Less : other expense | $ | $ |
| Interest expense | 2,160 |
(d) Statement of financial position (extract) as at 31 December 2020
| Non-current liabilities | $ |
| Long term borrowings (32,000-8000) | 24,000 |
| Current liabilities | |
| Current portion of long term borrowings | 8,000 |
| Interest expense payable | 960 |
(e) A bank loan is recorded as a non-current liability in the statement of financial position while a bank overdraft is recorded as a current liability in the statement of financial position.
(f) Name: Accrual basis of accounting
Explanation: According to accrual basis of accounting expenses are represented in the financial period that the services have been used in/that the expense is incurred regardless of when payment is made
ai) Asset- Resources a business owns or controls that are expected to provide future benefits
ii) liability- Obligations owed by a business to other that are expected to be settled in the future
iii) Income- Amounts earned from the activities of a business
iv) Expense- Cost incurred to earn the income in the same accounting period
b) Total equity= 50,000 + 80,000 =$130,000
Total liabilities= 7,800 + 1,200 + 10,000 =$19,000
Total assets= 130,000 +19,000 =$149,000
Net book value= 149,000 – 13,500 – 12,000 =$123,500
c) In accordance to the consistency theory, once an accounting method is chosen, this method should be applied to all future accounting periods to enable meaningful comparison
a)
Journal
| Date | Particulars | Dr | Cr |
| 2021 | $ | $ | |
| Equipment (5,400-4,500) | 900 | ||
| Trade payable – Bernardo | 900 |
(b)
| Overstated $ | Understated $ | No effect $ | |
| Error 2 | 60 | ||
| Error 3 | ✓ | ||
| Error 4 | 75 |
(c) Accounting entity theory states that the activities of a business and the actions of the owner are separate entities. All transactions should be recorded from the point of view of the business.
a)
| 30 september 2020 | 30 september 2021 | |
| Workings | [(17,200+25,500)÷2] _______________ x 365 278,500 | [(25,500+34,000) ÷2]________________ x 365 299,250 |
| Trade receivables collection period (days) | 27.98 days | 36.29 days |
(b) The trade receivables collection period has worsened from 27.98 days in 2020 to 36.29 days in 2021. This shows that the business is taking a longer time to collect payment from it’s credit customers this year as compared to last year. In fact the trade receivables collection period on 30 September 2021 has exceeded the credit terms of the business of 30 days. This would also mean that over the two years, Ping’s business runs a higher credit risk as the business might be facing difficulties in collecting payments from its trade receivable and hence is less efficient in managing its trade receivables.
(c) 1. Offer cash discounts to encourage credit customers to pay early.
2. Ensure credit is granted to customers who are financially able
(d) Any two from:
Economic outlook
Industry outlook
Reputation of customers
Repayment history
(e)Prudence theory
Paper 2 :
Jordan
Statement of financial performance for the year ended 30 April 2019
| $ | $ | |
| Advertising fee revenue (186750-127000) | 174050 | |
| Add: other income | ||
| Commission income | 1300 | |
| Less: other expenses | ||
| Impairment loss on trade receivables (465-195) | 270 | |
| Depreciation of office equipment (25% x [40000-10000] | 8500 | |
| Depreciation of motor vehicles (10% x 75000) | 7500 | |
| Interest expense (4% x 15000) | 600 | |
| General expense (12350-950) | 11400 | |
| Rent expense (22500-750) | 21750 | |
| Wages and salaries | 38500 | |
| Printing expense (23460+1800) | 25260 | 113780 |
| Profit for the year | 61570 |
Jordan
Statement of financial position as at 30 April 2019
| Assets | $ | $ | $ |
| Non-current asset | cost | Acc. dep. | N.B.V |
| Office equipment | 85000 | 25500 | 59500 |
| Motor vehicles | 40000 | 17500 | 22500 |
| 82000 | |||
| Current assets | |||
| Trade receivables | 23250 | ||
| Less: allowance for impairment on trade receivables | (465) | 22785 | |
| Prepaid rent expense | 750 | ||
| Cash at bank | 5670 | ||
| Total assets | 111205 | ||
| Equity and liabilities | |||
| Owner’s equity | |||
| Capital (27685-19500-950+61570) | 68805 | ||
| Non-current liabilities | |||
| Long-term borrowings | 15000 | ||
| Current liabilities | |||
| Trade payables | 12300 | ||
| Printing expense payable | 1800 | ||
| Advertising fee revenue received in advance | 12700 | ||
| Interest expense payable | 600 | ||
| 28900 | |||
| Total equity and liabilities | 111205 |
a)
General journal
| Date | Particulars | Dr | Cr |
| 2021 | $ | $ | |
| Mar 3 | Cost of sales | 2100 | |
| Inventory | 2100 | ||
| Trade receivable – Joel (95% x 3000) | 2850 | ||
| Sales revenue | 2850 | ||
| Mar 14 | Cash at bank | 2793 | |
| Discount allowed | 57 | ||
| Trade receivable – Joel | 2850 |
b) The business offers a trade discount to encourage customer loyalty/bulk purchase.
c) The business offers a cash discount to encourage early/prompt payment.
d)
- Accountants prepare and provide accounting information to stakeholders of the business for decision making.
- Accountants set up an accounting information system and become the stewards of the business.
a)
| Tasty cakes | Fancy gateaux | |
| i) gross profit margin | $68000-$44000 = $24000 ($24000/$68000) x 100% = 35.29% | $92000-$53000 = $39000($39000/$92000) x 100%= 42.39% |
| ii) profit margin | $24000-$9500 = $14500($14500/$68000) x 100%= 21.33% | $39000-$22400 = $16600($16600/$92000) x 100% = 18.05% |
b)
Fancy gateaux gross profit margin is better than tasty cakes. Fancy is selling goods at a higher price than tasty cakes and fancy can buy cheaper goods. However, tasty cakes had a better profit margin as compared to Fancy gateaux. Tasty cakes is better at managing its operating expenses. Comparing only margins, tasty is more profitable than Fancy. Tastys return on equity is better than fancy, hence, overall tasty is more profitable.
(c) For investors, the most important criteria is the return on equity. Zander should invest in tasty cakes as it has a higher return on equity than fancy. 20.52-15.34=$5.18. Tasty can earn $5.18 more for every $1 invested.
(d) Profitability is important to a business to ensure that the business can sustain on its own in the long run without a need for constant capital injection from its owner (s) to stay as a going concern.
a)
March 31: Bought a motor vehicle worth $15000 on credit from Naomi.
March 31: Owner contributed a motor vehicle worth $9000 into the business.
The last part has been modified in 2021 due to removal of common last topic (CLT) : Sale of non-current assets.
Original : March 31 : Sold motor vehicle costing $20000 (original)
Modified for CLT: Purchased motor vehicle for $20000 by cheque.
bi) Capital expenditure is the cost incurred to bring the non-current asset to their intended use, it provides benefits that last for more than a year and is recorded as non-current assets.
bii) Revenue expenditure is the cost incurred to repair and maintain the non-current assets to keep it in working condition. The benefits will be used within one financial year and is recorded as an expense.
c)
| Decision [1] | Khalid should buy machine Alpha. |
| Evidence [1] | It has a larger capacity and is able to pack 10000 units per week as compared to machine Omega which can only pack 9000 units per week. |
| Explanation [1] | The owner is assured of stock availability and is able to meet the demands of the customers without being short of stock. |
| Evidence [1] | It requires one full-time supervisor compared to machine Omega that requires two. |
| Explanation [1] | This allows the business to reduce the cost of salaries which will increase the profitability of the business. |
| Evidence [1] | Machine alpha also has a longer warranty of 5 years while machine Omega has a warranty of 3 years. |
| Explanation [1] | This allows the business to attract more customers as they are assured of the quality of the product and the availability of should they need after-sales support. |
OR
| Decision [1] | Khalid should buy machine Omega. |
| Evidence [1] | It has a cheaper cost price compared to machine alpha. |
| Explanation [1] | Assuming the number of sales remains the same, the business is able to earn more revenue with a machine omega as it has a lower cost. |
| Evidence [1] | Machine Omega also has a cheaper annual service cost of $500 compared to $750 for machine Alpha. |
| Explanation [1] | This allows the business to invest the money on other things and help to improve the performance of the business. |
| Evidence [1] | Machine Omega also has positive feedback from 80% of customers as compared to machine alpha that is a new machine with no reviews. |
| Explanation [1] | This will attract more customers as they are assured of the quality of the machine, which will lead to more profit for the business. |
